stofwolk

Stofwolk is a Dutch term for a cloud of dust particles suspended in air. In atmospheric science, a stofwolk refers to a transient or persistent plume composed of solid and liquid particles, ranging from coarse dust to fine aerosols, often mixed with moisture.

Natural sources include wind erosion of soils, deserts, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. Anthropogenic sources include construction sites, mining, agriculture, dry cleaning of roads, and combustion processes. The exact composition varies with location and source.

Properties: particle size distribution, concentration, and humidity influence visibility, optical properties, and transport. Common metrics are PM10 and PM2.5, representing particles with diameters less than 10 and 2.5 micrometers. Hygroscopic growth can increase mass in humid air. Particles eventually settle or are washed out by rain or deposition.

Impacts: Dust clouds affect air quality and human health, causing eye and throat irritation, coughing, and can worsen asthma and cardiovascular conditions. They can degrade visibility, affect climate by scattering sunlight, and deposit nutrients or contaminants on soils and water bodies.

Monitoring and mitigation: Air quality networks measure PM concentrations; satellites and lidars track plumes. Dust suppression and control measures include water spraying, windbreaks, enclosures, vegetation barriers, and personal protective equipment for workers.

Etymology and usage: The word stofwolk is Dutch; in English, "dust cloud" or "dust plume" is used. The concept is common in meteorology, environmental science, and industrial hygiene.