stilbenoidid

Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds that share a common structural feature: a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone. These compounds are synthesized by plants as a defense mechanism against pathogens and herbivores, and can also be induced by environmental stresses like UV radiation. The stilbenoid structure consists of two phenyl rings connected by a two-carbon ethylene bridge. Modifications to these phenyl rings, such as the addition of hydroxyl groups or methoxy groups, lead to a diverse array of stilbenoid derivatives.

Resveratrol is perhaps the most well-known stilbenoid, found in grapes, berries, and peanuts. Its presence in red wine has led to significant research into its potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Other notable stilbenoids include pterostilbene, which is structurally similar to resveratrol but has two methoxy groups instead of hydroxyl groups, and piceatannol, which has an additional hydroxyl group compared to resveratrol.

Stilbenoids are found in a variety of plant species, with their distribution often concentrated in specific tissues like bark, roots, and fruits. Their biosynthesis involves enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Beyond their role in plant defense, stilbenoids have garnered interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their diverse biological activities. Research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of various stilbenoid compounds.