standardkoncentration
Standardkonzentration, in chemistry and related fields, refers to a conventional reference concentration used when defining standard states of reactions and solutions. The most common choice is c° = 1 mole per liter (1 M), particularly for aqueous solutions. This reference enables consistent comparison of thermodynamic quantities, such as standard Gibbs free energy and standard enthalpy, across different systems. For gases, the analogous standard state uses a reference pressure (typically 1 bar).
In practice, many thermodynamic equations are formulated with activities rather than simple concentrations. The standard state
Applications of the standardkonzentration include the calculation of equilibrium constants, where ΔG° = −RT ln Keq and
Limitations include the fact that not all substances adhere strictly to the 1 M reference, especially for