spodziewa

Spodziewa is a Polish verb form that functions as the third-person singular present tense of the verb spodziewać, meaning to expect or anticipate. In everyday use, the reflexive form spodziewać się is more common for expressing anticipation about events or future occurrences, while spodziewa as a non-reflexive form appears in transitive constructions with a direct object.

Grammatical role and usage examples

Spodziewa is used to indicate that a subject expects something or someone. The reflexive variant spodziewać się is widely used with phrases expressing expectation about a forthcoming event, often followed by a clause or a genitive object. For example, ona spodziewa się gości (she is expecting guests) or on spodziewa się deszczu (he expects rain). The bare form spodziewa can occur with a direct object in the genitive, as in on spodziewa gości (he expects guests). The verb is imperfective, emphasizing ongoing or future-oriented expectation rather than a completed act.

Conjugation and related forms

The present tense forms of spodziewać (the non-reflexive variant) include spodziewa the 3rd person singular; the full present-tense paradigm for spodziewać się is: spodziewam się, spodziewasz się, spodziewa się, spodziewamy się, spodziewacie się, spodziewają się. The standard and most frequent usage is with the reflexive się, though the non-reflexive form appears in more direct transitive contexts.

Etymology and terminology

Spodziewać is a standard Polish verb of Indo-European origin, with the reflexive form spodziewać się being a common construction for expressing anticipation. In dictionaries, spodziewa is typically presented as a conjugated form of spodziewać, not as a separate lemma. The expression spodziewa się is widely encountered in both spoken and written Polish.