speleologers

Speleology is the scientific study of caves and the geological features, history, and biology of caves. Individuals who engage in speleology are known as speleologists, though the term "caver" is also commonly used, particularly in recreational contexts. Speleologists study a wide range of cave phenomena, including the formation of caves, the processes that shape their interiors, and the unique ecosystems that exist within them.

The field encompasses several disciplines. Geologists study cave formation processes like dissolution of rock by water, volcanic activity, and erosion. Biologists investigate troglobites, organisms that are exclusively adapted to life in caves, and other cave-dwelling fauna and flora. Hydrologists examine groundwater flow and its relationship to cave systems, while archaeologists and paleontologists may study artifacts and fossils found within caves.

Speleology can be pursued as a scientific endeavor or as a recreational activity. Recreational caving, often referred to as spelunking, involves exploring caves for adventure and discovery. Both scientific and recreational speleology require specialized knowledge and equipment to ensure safety and to minimize impact on the fragile cave environment. Safety is paramount in cave exploration due to potential hazards such as unstable passages, unpredictable water levels, and the risk of disorientation. Conservation efforts are also a significant aspect of speleology, as caves are often sensitive environments that can be easily damaged by human activity.