speargun

A speargun is an underwater hunting tool used by divers and freedivers to spear fish. It consists of a barrel or tube, a spear shaft, a muzzle, a trigger mechanism, and a propulsion system that launches the shaft. Spearguns are employed in sport spearfishing and various underwater hunting activities.

Propulsion is provided by one of two main systems. Elastic-powered guns use rubber bands anchored to the muzzle; loading involves pulling the bands back and placing the spear on a notch. When the trigger is pulled, the bands release and accelerate the spear along the barrel. Pneumatic guns use compressed air to drive a piston inside a chamber, propelling the spear forward. Some designs combine a rigid stock with a muzzle or air chamber that seals or guides the shaft.

Materials and sizes vary widely. Shafts are typically made of stainless steel, aluminum, or carbon fiber and are tipped with a spearhead. The gun bodies can be wooden, fiberglass, or composite, and lengths range from compact to long designs to suit different diving styles and conditions. Some guns employ multiple bands for increased power, while pneumatic models emphasize speed and accuracy in certain water conditions.

Use and technique involve aiming with consideration of underwater refraction and target movement. Spearguns are used to harvest legal, size-appropriate fish in permitted areas; regulations vary by location, including species restrictions and protected zones. Training and proficiency are important for safe and effective use.

Safety and regulations emphasize responsible handling, such as keeping the gun unloaded until in the water, never pointing at people, and complying with local laws and licensing requirements.