spalony

Spalony is a Polish adjective and past participle meaning burnt or burned. It is derived from the verb spalić, which means to burn down or to burn. The word is used to describe objects that have been affected by fire or heat, either literally, as in a building or forest that was set on fire, or figuratively, to indicate damage or ruin.

In grammar, spalony is the masculine singular form. The feminine singular is spalona, and the neuter singular is spalane. In the plural, the form depends on the noun’s gender and animacy: spaleni for masculine personal nouns, and spalone for other plural uses. The word can occur in various constructions, including as a simple predicate (Dom został spalony – The house was burned) or as a modifier before a noun (spalony dom, spalony las).

Common usages include literal descriptions such as spalony dom (a burned house) and spalony las (a burned forest), as well as figurative phrases like spalona reputacja (ruined reputation). The term is widely understood in Polish-language media, literature, and everyday speech to denote fire damage or loss caused by fire.

Etymology traces spalony to spalić with the typical Polish prefix sp- and adjectival endings, forming a regular past participle that agrees with gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies.