sorbierte

Sorbierte is a term used in chemistry and environmental science to denote substances that have undergone sorption. Sorption describes the uptake of a substance by another phase, and it encompasses two related processes: adsorption, where molecules adhere to a surface, and absorption, where substances diffuse into the interior of a material. Therefore, sorbierte can refer to adsorbed species on a solid surface as well as substances dissolved or distributed within a sorbent matrix.

In environmental and industrial contexts, sorption affects the fate, mobility, and bioavailability of compounds. Contaminants such as organic pollutants or heavy metals can become sorbierte on soils, sediments, or clays, reducing their concentration in water but potentially creating long-term reservoirs. In water treatment, sorption onto materials like activated carbon is used to remove contaminants from liquids. In packaging, foods, and pharmaceuticals, sorption processes influence flavor retention, stability, and drug delivery by determining how substances partition between phases.

Sorption is influenced by several factors, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the presence of competing species, as well as the properties of the sorbent such as surface area, porosity, and functional groups. Desorption and hysteresis describe the reversibility of sorption and the possibility that sorbed substances are released under changing conditions.

Quantitative descriptions of sorption often use isotherms and kinetic models. Common models include Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to describe equilibrium distribution, and pseudo-first-order or pseudo-second-order kinetics to describe rate processes. Understanding sorbierte is essential for assessing environmental risk, designing treatment systems, and controlling the behavior of chemicals in complex matrices.