sorben

The Sorbs, also known as Sorbians or Wends, are a West Slavic ethnic group native to Lusatia, a historic region in eastern Germany that spans parts of Saxony and Brandenburg. They comprise two main linguistic communities: Upper Sorbian, spoken in the southern part of Lusatia, and Lower Sorbian, spoken in the northern part. Each language has its own standard form and literary tradition. Sorbian languages are recognized minority languages in Germany and are protected by national and European standards, with ongoing efforts to promote bilingual education, media, and public life.

Most Sorbs live in Lusatia, with smaller communities in other parts of Germany and in diaspora networks abroad. Worldwide population estimates vary, but the Sorbs are generally considered to number in the tens of thousands, the majority residing in Germany. Many Sorbs are bilingual in German and Sorbian, and bilingual signage is common in Lusatia.

Historically, Sorbs have inhabited Lusatia since the early Middle Ages, maintaining cultural and linguistic continuity despite periods of Germanization and political change. The 20th century brought suppression under the Nazi regime, followed by gradual recognition and protection under East German and, after reunification, federal frameworks in Germany. In contemporary Germany, Sorbian culture is supported by organizations and networks that coordinate language promotion, education, and cultural activities.

Culturally, the Sorbs preserve traditional folk customs, literature, music, and crafts that reflect a distinct West Slavic heritage within a predominantly German-speaking landscape. The preservation and revival of language and culture remain central to Sorbian public life and identity.