socotra

Socotra is a Yemeni archipelago in the Arabian Sea, situated to the south of the Arabian Peninsula and about 350 kilometers east of the Horn of Africa. The largest island, also called Socotra, hosts most of the population, while the archipelago includes several smaller islands such as Abd al-Kuri, Darsah and Samhah. The administrative center is Hadiboh on Socotra Island, and the islands form the Socotra Governorate of Yemen.

Geography and climate: The landscape is dominated by limestone plateaus, steep cliffs, and deep canyons. The climate is hot and arid, with a seasonal monsoon that brings most of the annual rainfall between July and September. The isolation and varied habitats have produced exceptional biodiversity and a high rate of endemism.

Biodiversity and notable species: Socotra is renowned for its flora and fauna found nowhere else. The dragon's blood tree, Dracaena cinnabari, is an iconic emblem of the island. Other endemic plants and reptiles, as well as several endemic bird species, contribute to its biodiversity. The surrounding waters harbor unique marine life and important seabird colonies, including the Socotra cormorant.

History and governance: The archipelago has been inhabited for thousands of years by Soqotri people who speak the Soqotri language and maintain distinct cultural practices. Since 2013, Socotra has been administered as a governorate of Yemen.

Conservation and notes: Socotra was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 for its biodiversity and ecological significance. It was later placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger due to threats from development, unsustainable resource use, and climate change. Access is limited by its remote location and ongoing security concerns in Yemen.