sneezeweeds

Sneezeweeds is a common name for several species in the genus Helenium, a group of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Native to North America, sneezeweeds are typically herbaceous perennials and, in some cases, annuals that are grown for their late-summer to autumn blooms.

Description and ecology: Sneezeweeds produce upright stems with lanceolate leaves and composite flower heads. Each head features a ring of yellow, orange, or bronze ray florets around a central disk of darker disk florets. The plants attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies and often set seeds in late summer to fall. Many species prefer full sun and well-drained soil.

Taxonomy and species: The name sneezeweed most often refers to Helenium autumnale (common sneezeweed), but other species such as Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed) and Helenium hoopesii are also included under the umbrella of sneezeweeds. There is some variation in size and color among species, but they share a characteristic daisy-like inflorescence.

Cultivation and care: Sneezeweeds tolerate a range of soil types but perform best in sunny locations with good drainage. They can be drought-tolerant once established and are commonly used in borders, prairie-style plantings, and pollinator gardens. Regular deadheading can extend blooming, though many forms self-seed in suitable climates.

Etymology and safety: The name sneezeweed derives from historical use of dried plant material as a nostril irritant to provoke sneezing. All parts of sneezeweeds contain compounds that can be toxic if ingested, and contact may irritate the skin in some people. Gardeners should handle plants with care and keep them away from livestock.