skruvspänningar

Skruvspänningar refers to the internal stresses that develop within a screw or bolt due to applied loads. These stresses are critical for understanding the structural integrity and failure modes of bolted connections. The primary types of skruvspänningar are tensile stress, shear stress, and torsional stress.

Tensile stress occurs when a load tries to pull the screw apart along its axis. This is commonly encountered in applications where the bolt is used to clamp two components together, and an external force attempts to separate them. The tensile stress is calculated as the applied tensile force divided by the screw's cross-sectional area.

Shear stress arises when a load acts perpendicular to the screw's axis, attempting to slide one component past another. In a bolted joint, this can happen due to vibration or external forces trying to displace the connected parts. Shear stress is generally calculated by dividing the shear force by the screw's cross-sectional area.

Torsional stress, or torque, is induced when the screw is tightened or when the connection experiences rotational forces. This stress acts along the screw's circumference and is crucial in maintaining the clamping force. Over-tightening can lead to excessive torsional stress, potentially causing thread stripping or fracture.

Understanding and managing these skruvspänningar is essential for designing safe and reliable structures. Factors such as material properties, thread engagement, and applied loads all influence the magnitude and distribution of these internal stresses.