skogflåttencefalitt

Skogflåttencefalitt, often referred to by its English name Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. The causative agent is a virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Ticks carrying the virus are commonly found in certain forested and grassy areas across Europe and Asia.

The incubation period for TBE can range from 7 to 14 days after a tick bite. Initial symptoms are often flu-like, including fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle pain. In a significant portion of infected individuals, the virus does not cause further complications and resolves on its own. However, in about 10-30% of cases, the virus can invade the central nervous system, leading to more severe illness.

When the central nervous system is affected, TBE can manifest as meningitis, characterized by inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can also cause encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain itself. Symptoms of neurological involvement may include confusion, seizures, paralysis, and long-term neurological deficits. Recovery from severe TBE can be slow, and some individuals may experience persistent symptoms.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for TBE. Management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccination is available and is recommended for individuals who live in or travel to endemic areas and are at risk of tick bites. Prevention also includes measures to avoid tick bites, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors.