sköldkörtelhyperfunktion

Sköldkörtelhypofunktion, often referred to as hypothyroidism, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, affecting functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes can include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary and may develop slowly over time. Common signs include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, constipation, and muscle weakness. In some cases, individuals may experience slowed heart rate, depression, and cognitive difficulties.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, specifically TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4. If TSH levels are high and T4 levels are low, it generally indicates hypothyroidism.

Treatment for hypothyroidism usually involves hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine. This medication is taken orally and helps restore normal hormone levels, alleviating symptoms. Regular monitoring through blood tests is necessary to ensure the correct dosage. While hypothyroidism is a chronic condition, with proper management, individuals can lead healthy lives.