sjálfsmynd

Sjálfsmynd, or self-image, is the mental picture a person has of themselves. It includes perceptions of appearance, abilities, personality traits, and social roles. Self-image is a cognitive representation that can be relatively stable but may change with new experiences, feedback, and aging. In psychology, it is sometimes used interchangeably with self-concept, though some writers distinguish self-image as the perceptual component of the broader self-concept.

Self-image comprises physical appearance, competencies, values, and social identity. People form their self-image from internal cues and external feedback from family, peers, teachers, and media. Cultural norms and gender expectations shape what is seen as desirable. The real self (how one sees oneself) and the ideal self (how one would like to be) interact, and discrepancies between them can influence motivation and affect.

Self-image develops from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. Early interactions lay the groundwork for self-worth; ongoing feedback, social comparison, and body-related experiences continually reshape it. Digital media can magnify exposure to idealized appearances, affecting body image as part of overall self-image.

A positive self-image supports self-esteem, resilience, and well-being, while a negative self-image is linked with anxiety, depression, and body dissatisfaction. Interventions often address cognitive appraisal, media literacy, and self-compassion to foster a more accurate and compassionate self-view.

Researchers assess self-image with self-report questionnaires that probe perceived competence, attractiveness, and social belonging. Because self-image overlaps with self-esteem and body image, studies frequently examine how these constructs relate and diverge.

See also: self-concept, self-esteem, body image, identity.