siprofloksasiin

Siprofloksasiin, also known by its chemical name ciprofloxacin, is a synthetic antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class. It is widely used to treat a variety of bacterial infections due to its broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication and repair, thereby preventing bacterial growth and proliferation.

The compound was first synthesized in the late 1970s and approved for medical use in the 1980s. It is available in multiple formulations, including oral tablets, extended-release tablets, and intravenous injections, making it suitable for both outpatient and inpatient treatment. Ciprofloxacin is particularly effective against infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and bones, as well as certain sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea. It is also used prophylactically to prevent anthrax and other bacterial infections in high-risk individuals.

Like many antibiotics, ciprofloxacin is not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza. Its use should be guided by susceptibility testing to ensure bacterial resistance is not present. Common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness, while more serious adverse reactions, such as tendon rupture or central nervous system effects, have been reported, particularly in older adults or those taking corticosteroids.

Ciprofloxacin interacts with several medications, including antacids, iron supplements, and certain antiarrhythmic drugs, which may reduce its absorption or efficacy. It is generally contraindicated in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children under 18 years of age due to potential risks of cartilage damage and musculoskeletal disorders. Proper dosing and duration of treatment are crucial to minimize resistance development and ensure therapeutic success.