sinergia

Sinergia is a phenomenon in which the combined effect of two or more elements is greater than the sum of their individual effects. The term derives from the Greek synergia, "working together" (from sunergos, "co-worker"). In Spanish, sinergia corresponds to the English word "synergy." In everyday language, sinergia is used to describe productive cooperation, coordinated action, or integrated systems whose components amplify each other.

In business and management, sinergia refers to outcomes expected from mergers, alliances, or cross-functional collaboration, such as revenue growth or cost savings that exceed what separate units could achieve. Realizing synergy often requires compatible cultures, clear governance, and integration of processes, assets, or data.

In pharmacology and medicine, drug synergy occurs when a combination produces a stronger effect than the additive effect of each drug alone. This can improve therapeutic outcomes but can also raise the risk of adverse effects; distinctions are made with additive or potentiation interactions, and with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic mechanisms.

In biology and ecology, synergistic interactions include mutualism and cooperative behaviors that enhance fitness or ecosystem function. In technology and engineering, system design aims for synergy among subsystems to improve performance, resilience, or efficiency.

Measuring synergy often involves comparing observed outcomes with expected additive effects, using models such as isobolograms or synergy indexes, while acknowledging uncertainty.