shuningdek

Shuningdek is an Uzbek connective word meaning "also," "in addition," or "as well." It functions to link clauses or phrases and signals that an additional point is being added to what has already been stated. The term is widely used in formal Uzbek writing and speech, including journalism, academic works, government documents, and literary prose, as well as in careful everyday conversation.

Usage and placement: Shuningdek can introduce a new clause or be used within a sentence to add information. When placed at the start of a clause, it is typically followed by a comma: Shuningdek, tadbirda boshqa mavzular ham ko‘rib chiqildi. It can also connect ideas within a sentence or be used after a semicolon in more complex constructions: Ma’lumotlar to‘g‘ri keltirildi; shuningdek, ko‘rgazmalar tashkil etildi. The word is roughly equivalent to English "also," "in addition," or "as well." In nuance, shuningdek emphasizes addition rather than contrast with preceding content.

Notes on style and alternatives: In formal Uzbek, shuningdek is preferred for adding information; in everyday speech, speakers may opt for simpler words like ham or bundan tashqari. Related expressions include ham and bundan tashqari, which convey similar but slightly different shades of addition.

See also: ham; bundan tashqari; qo‘shimcha.