shou

Shou is a romanization used to render several East Asian syllables in Latin letters. In Chinese, the same pinyin spelling can correspond to different characters and tones, including shòu (寿/壽, longevity), shǒu (首, head; leader), and shòu (受, to receive), among others. Because tones are not shown in basic romanization, the intended character must be inferred from context.

The most culturally prominent meaning is shòu, the character for longevity, 寿 or 壽. This character is a common символ in Chinese art, architecture, and festivals, symbolizing a long life. It appears in decorative motifs, auspicious couplets, and birthday gifts, and is often associated with Shou Xing, the Daoist deity of longevity. The motif is widely seen on screens, porcelain, textiles, and carved woodwork, and it is frequently stylized into circular “longevity” emblems.

Shou also occurs as a surname, though it is relatively rare. As a surname, it may derive from different characters such as 首 (shǒu, head; to lead) or others, depending on family history. In given names, shou can appear as part of various combinations, chosen for meanings related to protection, reception, or auspicious longevity.

In other East Asian languages, similar syllables exist under different characters and readings. In Japanese, 寿 is read kotobuki and conveys longevity and celebration, while the same or related characters may be read differently in Sino-Japanese compounds. The Chinese term for longevity and related motifs has influenced regional art and culture, often retaining associations with auspicious life extension and good fortune.