shatkriya

Shatkriya, also known as Shatkarma, is a traditional group of six yogic purification practices described in Hatha Yoga and related Indian texts. The term combines Sanskrit shat meaning six and kriya meaning action or practice. These techniques are intended to cleanse and purify the body's energy channels and organs, with the aim of supporting physical health, concentration, and readiness for meditation.

The six practices are: Shankhaprakshalana, an intensive cleansing of the digestive tract typically using guided ingestion of salted liquids and specific postures; Dhauti, cleansing of the digestive system with various subtypes such as Vastra Dhauti (cloth cleansing) and other methods for internal cleansing; Basti, an enema-based cleansing of the large intestine often performed with therapeutic preparation; Neti, cleansing of the nasal passages, commonly practiced as Jala Neti (water irrigation) or Sutra Neti (thread); Trataka, a fixed-gaze technique intended to purify and steady the mind and senses; and Nauli, the crural and abdominal muscle manipulations that massage and cleanse the digestive tract.

These kriyas are described as preparatory practices within the broader framework of Hatha Yoga, and some traditions emphasize subtypes and variations within Dhauti and Neti. They are typically taught progressively and under competent guidance, with attention to contraindications such as pregnancy, ulcers, hernias, and certain nasal or digestive conditions. While historically associated with yogic purification, modern interpretations view shatkriyas as introductory techniques that cultivate body awareness and detoccing of physical and mental processes.