senescencí

Senescence is a physiological process characterized by the progressive decline in growth and physiological functions in organisms. This decline is often accompanied by the accumulation of damages to cellular and molecular components, which can lead to a decrease in the organism's overall fitness and survival rate.

Senescence is a universal phenomenon that can be observed in various types of cells, including those from humans, plants, and animals. The causes of senescence are still not fully understood and are thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Theories of senescence include those related to accumulation of DNA damage, telomere shortening, and epigenetic alterations.

One of the key biological indicators of senescence is the shortening of telomeres, the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres undergo a process called attrition as the organism ages, which can lead to a loss of genetic information and, subsequently, reduced cell division capacity.

As organisms age and undergo senescence, changes in their physiological and biochemical processes occur. These changes include, but are not limited to, the decline in metabolic rates, reduced muscle mass and strength, and impaired immune function. In addition, many age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease are associated with and thought to be caused by, in part, the multi-factorial decline of cellular and physiological processes as a result of senescence.

Research has shown some factors that may influence or delay the onset of senescence in various types of organisms. Clearly identifying an organism's lifespan pattern can often help in understanding an individual's stage of aging. The precise rate, progression, and remaining lifespan of any given organism will vary greatly and is influenced in large parts by its built-in vitality.