semivolatiles

Semivolatile organic compounds, often abbreviated as SVOCs, represent a class of chemical substances characterized by their intermediate volatility. Unlike highly volatile compounds that readily evaporate at room temperature, semivolatiles have lower vapor pressures, meaning they evaporate more slowly. This property allows them to persist in the environment for longer periods. SVOCs can exist in both solid and liquid phases at typical environmental temperatures.

These compounds originate from a wide range of sources, both natural and anthropogenic. Common sources include incomplete combustion of organic materials, such as in vehicle exhaust and industrial processes. Many SVOCs are also products of manufacturing, including plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides, and certain types of dyes. Indoor sources can include building materials, furniture, cleaning products, and personal care items.

The environmental behavior of SVOCs is influenced by their moderate volatility and solubility. They can partition between air, water, soil, and sediment. Due to their persistence, SVOCs can be transported over long distances through atmospheric circulation and accumulate in food chains, leading to biomagnification. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, and some SVOCs have been associated with adverse health effects. Understanding their properties and sources is crucial for environmental monitoring and risk assessment.