semipresidentialismiksi

Semipresidentialism is a form of government that combines features of both presidential and parliamentary systems. In a semipresidential system, there is a president who is directly elected by the people and holds significant executive power, as well as a prime minister who is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature. The president is typically the head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government.

The specific division of powers between the president and the prime minister can vary considerably depending on the country's constitution. In some semipresidential systems, the president has broad authority over foreign policy and defense, while the prime minister manages day-to-day domestic affairs. In other systems, the president may have more limited powers, acting as a figurehead with the prime minister holding the real executive authority. This can lead to situations of cohabitation, where the president and the parliamentary majority are from opposing political parties, requiring cooperation and compromise.

France is a well-known example of a semipresidential system. Its constitution outlines a distinct division of powers between the President, who is directly elected, and the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President but must have the confidence of the National Assembly. Other countries that have adopted semipresidential systems include Portugal, Poland, and Ukraine, among others. The effectiveness of semipresidentialism often depends on the political culture and the specific constitutional framework in place, aiming to provide both stability and democratic accountability.