selfillumination

Selfillumination is the emission of light by a source from internal energy, rather than light that is merely reflected from an external source. The term can apply to natural luminescent processes as well as engineered light sources that generate their own illumination. It is often discussed in the contexts of biology, chemistry, and display technology.

In natural systems, selfilluminating phenomena include bioluminescence, where organisms produce light through chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes such as luciferase. Chemiluminescence refers to light produced by chemical reactions outside of living organisms. Triboluminescence describes light generated by mechanical action, such as rubbing or fracturing a crystal. In engineered systems, electroluminescence and related technologies convert electrical energy directly into light within a device, as seen in LEDs and OLEDs, which are considered self-illuminating because the light originates from the internal energy conversion rather than external illumination.

Applications span signaling, safety, and scientific research. Bioluminescent markers enable cellular imaging; self-illuminating materials provide glow-in-the-dark safety signage; and electroluminescent devices enable emissive displays and lighting without external light sources. In broader usage, selfillumination may refer to metaphorical forms of inner illumination or enlightenment in cultural or spiritual contexts.

See also: luminescence, bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, triboluminescence, fluorescence, electroluminescence, emissive displays.