selffertilisation

Self-fertilisation, also known as self-pollination or self-pollination, is a form of sexual reproduction in which the pollinator is the same individual plant. This occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower is transferred to the stigma of the same flower, or to another flower on the same plant. This process is common in many plant species, including peas, tomatoes, and wheat.

Self-fertilisation results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant, a phenomenon known as homozygosity. This can be advantageous for plants that are well-adapted to their environment, as it ensures the perpetuation of desirable traits. However, it can also lead to a reduction in genetic diversity, making the population more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes.

In contrast to self-fertilisation, cross-fertilisation involves the transfer of pollen between different individual plants. This process promotes genetic variation, which can enhance a species' ability to adapt and survive. Many plants have evolved mechanisms to promote cross-fertilisation, such as the production of distinct male and female flowers or the timing of pollen release and stigma receptivity.

The balance between self- and cross-fertilisation is a crucial factor in the evolutionary success of many plant species. While self-fertilisation can ensure reproduction in the absence of pollinators, it can also limit the long-term adaptability of a population due to reduced genetic diversity.