sekwecjonowania

Sekwecjonowania is a term used in Polish to describe techniques and processes for determining the order of elements in a sequence, most commonly the order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA, but also applicable to other types of sequences in biology or data processing. The field combines laboratory methods with computational analysis to convert raw signal data into readable sequences and to interpret them.

In biology, sequencing began with Sanger sequencing in the late 1970s, enabling the first era of DNA sequencing. Since the mid-2000s, high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, often based on sequencing by synthesis, dramatically increased speed and reduced costs. More recently, long-read sequencing technologies from PacBio and Oxford Nanopore provide longer reads at the expense of higher error rates, useful for resolving complex genomic regions and structural variants.

Applications include whole-genome sequencing, exome sequencing, RNA sequencing (transcriptomics), metagenomics, and clinical diagnostics, as well as evolutionary biology and forensic analysis. In agriculture and medicine, sekwecjonowania supports variant detection, custom therapies, and pathogen surveillance.

Data analysis involves base calling, quality control, alignment to reference genomes or de novo assembly, and downstream analyses such as variant calling, gene expression quantification, and genome annotation. The field relies on standardized pipelines and data-sharing practices to ensure reproducibility.

The term embodies both wet-lab and computational components and continues to evolve with advances in chemistry, sequencing chemistry, and algorithm development, aiming for higher accuracy, longer reads, lower costs, and real-time sequencing capabilities.