sejtsérüléseket

Sejtsérülés refers to damage to a cell, which can occur due to a variety of internal or external factors. This damage can range from minor and reversible to severe and irreversible, potentially leading to cell death.

Common causes of cellular injury include physical agents like trauma, extreme temperatures, and radiation. Chemical agents, such as toxins, poisons, and even certain medications, can also induce cellular damage by disrupting normal cellular processes. Biological agents, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, can injure cells directly or indirectly through the inflammatory response they trigger. Nutritional imbalances, like deficiencies or excesses of essential nutrients, can impair cellular function. Finally, genetic defects and disruptions in oxygen supply (hypoxia or anoxia) are significant contributors to cellular injury.

The consequences of cellular injury depend on the severity and duration of the damaging agent, as well as the cell's ability to adapt. Mild or transient injury may lead to adaptive changes, such as hypertrophy or atrophy. However, more severe or prolonged injury can result in irreversible damage, culminating in necrosis (unprogrammed cell death) or apoptosis (programmed cell death). The cellular events following injury often involve alterations in cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the release of intracellular enzymes. Understanding the mechanisms of sejtsérülés is crucial for comprehending disease processes and developing therapeutic strategies.