seedcertification

Seed certification is a quality assurance process that verifies seed lots meet defined standards for varietal identity, genetic purity, physical purity, germination, and seed health. Certification results in a certificate and labeling that identifies the lot as certified seed, suitable for sale and distribution. It is usually voluntary but often required by law or by seed buyers, and is administered by official seed-certifying agencies at national or subnational levels.

Standards in seed certification cover varietal identity, genetic purity (admixtures of other varieties), physical purity (other seeds and inert material), germination rate, and moisture content, as well as seed health to ensure freedom from certain diseases and pests. Seed classes or statuses vary by country but commonly include Foundation, Registered, and Certified categories, with progressively stricter criteria for purity and performance.

The certification process typically begins with the seed producer submitting an application and growing the crop under controlled isolation and management to preserve identity. Field inspections assess measures such as isolation distance, weed control, and roguing. After harvest, samples are taken for laboratory testing of germination, purity, moisture, and health. If the lot meets the standards, a certificate is issued and the seed is labeled accordingly. Certification may involve ongoing inspection and sampling for each lot or batch.

Global and practical impact: seed certification helps farmers rely on seeds with known identity and performance, supports seed trade, and aids plant breeding and research. Many countries participate in international frameworks, such as OECD Seed Schemes and ISTA-related testing, to facilitate cross-border recognition. Certification does not guarantee crop outcomes and cannot fully protect against field losses, but it provides a standardized basis for seed quality.