schistosyytit

Schistosomiasis, commonly known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. These parasites are transmitted through contaminated water, typically from freshwater sources such as rivers, lakes, and ponds. The most common species responsible for human infections are Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum.

The life cycle of Schistosoma involves two hosts: humans and freshwater snails. Eggs laid by female worms in the human bloodstream are excreted in the feces and ingested by snails. The eggs hatch in the snail's gut, releasing miracidia that penetrate the snail's body and develop into sporocysts. These sporocysts produce cercariae, which exit the snail and swim in the water, infecting humans through the skin or mucous membranes.

Schistosomiasis can cause a range of symptoms, including skin rashes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in urine or stool. In severe cases, the disease can lead to liver damage, portal hypertension, and bladder cancer. The most common form of schistosomiasis, caused by S. haematobium, primarily affects the urinary system, leading to hematuria and bladder cancer.

Prevention of schistosomiasis involves controlling the transmission of the parasite through improving sanitation, providing clean water, and treating infected individuals. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests or urine analysis, and treatment usually involves anthelmintic drugs. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing the progression of the disease and its associated complications.