bilharzia

Bilharzia, also known as schistosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. It is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated freshwater, particularly from infected snails. The most common species involved in human infections are Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum.

The disease affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Symptoms can vary but often include skin rashes, fever, abdominal pain, and blood in urine or stool. In severe cases, bilharzia can lead to chronic liver disease, bladder cancer, and other complications.

Prevention involves avoiding contact with contaminated water, using protective clothing, and treating water sources with appropriate chemicals. Diagnosis typically relies on detecting the parasite's eggs in stool or urine samples. Treatment usually involves anti-parasitic medications, although the disease can be difficult to eradicate completely.

Efforts to control and eliminate bilharzia have been ongoing, with significant progress made in some regions. However, the disease remains a significant public health concern, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water and sanitation.