scaleminiature

Scale miniature refers to small, highly detailed models produced to a standardized scale for display, painting, and play. These figures are used in tabletop wargaming, role-playing games, dioramas, and model railroading.

Scales are ratios that determine size relative to real objects. Common scales include 1:72 (about 20–25 mm tall figures used in historical wargaming), 1:56 or 28 mm (modern infantry miniatures), 1:32 (varying sizes, popular in some fantasy lines), 1:35 (military vehicles and figures), and 1:50 (industrial and some robotic figures). In model railroading and miniature gaming, 1:87 HO and 1:64 are standard for vehicles and figures. Sci‑fi and fantasy lines often use “heroic” 28–32 mm scales, which exaggerate features for ease of painting. Larger scales such as 1:12 are used for action figures and display models.

Manufacturing materials include metal (pewter/white metal), plastic (injection-molded or 3D-printed), and resin. Most figures are sold unpainted and require assembly and painting. Some lines are pre-assembled or pre-painted. Modern hobbyists often prime figures, apply base coats, washes, dry brushing, and varnishes to achieve shading and weathering.

Base design and gaming compatibility vary by system. Figures are placed on bases sized to fit rules, commonly 25 mm or 28 mm round bases in many systems, with square bases or larger bases for vehicles and monsters. Wargaming and role-playing communities share painting and basing techniques, while collectors focus on detailed sculpts and historical accuracy.