sarkoma

Sarkoma is a type of cancer that arises from connective tissues within the body. These tissues include bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, blood vessels, and nerves. Unlike carcinomas, which originate in epithelial cells that line surfaces of the body, sarcomas develop in mesenchymal cells. Sarcomas are relatively rare cancers, accounting for a small percentage of all cancer diagnoses.

There are many different subtypes of sarcoma, often classified based on the specific type of connective tissue from which they originate. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone), liposarcoma (fat), leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle), and rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscle). Sarcomas can occur at any age and in any part of the body, though they are more common in the limbs and abdomen.

The exact causes of most sarcomas are not fully understood. However, certain genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, increase the risk. Exposure to radiation therapy and certain chemicals may also play a role in some cases.

Symptoms of sarcoma vary widely depending on the location and size of the tumor. Common signs can include a growing lump or swelling, pain in the affected area, and sometimes bone fractures if the tumor weakens the bone. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The prognosis for sarcoma depends on the specific type, stage of the cancer, and the effectiveness of treatment.