sarcoidóza

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are small clusters of inflammatory cells, in various organs. The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it is believed to be a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The disease can affect almost any organ, though it most commonly involves the lungs and lymph nodes.

Symptoms of sarcoidosis vary widely depending on the organs affected and the severity of the disease. Pulmonary sarcoidosis, the most frequent form, can manifest as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Skin involvement may present as a rash, nodules, or erythema nodosum (tender red lumps on the shins). Ocular sarcoidosis can cause blurred vision, eye pain, and redness. Neurological and cardiac sarcoidosis are less common but can lead to serious complications.

Diagnosis of sarcoidosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and biopsies of affected tissues to confirm the presence of granulomas. Blood tests may also be used to monitor inflammation and organ function.

There is no cure for sarcoidosis, but many individuals experience spontaneous remission. Treatment is usually reserved for symptomatic cases or when there is significant organ involvement. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment, helping to suppress inflammation and reduce granuloma formation. Other immunosuppressive medications may be used in more severe or refractory cases. Regular monitoring is essential to track disease activity and manage potential complications.