sanktioin

Sanction is a term with multiple meanings, most commonly referring to a penalty or coercive measure imposed by an authority. In international relations, sanctions are typically applied by states or international organizations against another state or entity to influence its behavior. These can range from economic measures like trade embargoes, asset freezes, and restrictions on financial transactions to diplomatic measures such as travel bans or the expulsion of diplomats. The goal is often to exert pressure without resorting to military force.

In a legal context, sanctions can refer to penalties imposed by a court for contempt of court or for violating a court order. These might include fines, imprisonment, or other remedial actions designed to enforce compliance. In some professional fields, sanctions can also be disciplinary actions taken by governing bodies against members for professional misconduct. For example, a medical board might sanction a doctor for malpractice. The common thread across these definitions is the exercise of authority to enforce rules or achieve a desired outcome through punitive or restrictive means.