sanamuodolliset

Sanamuodolliset, in Finnish linguistics, refer to the inflected or morphologically realized forms of words. They are the different surface forms a word can take to express grammatical meaning such as number, case, tense, mood, aspect, voice, and other grammatical categories. The concept covers nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, verbs, and participles, and it highlights how a single lexeme can appear in multiple variants depending on its syntactic role.

For nouns and pronouns, sanamuodolliset primarily reflect case and number. Finnish nouns have a system of fifteen cases, including nominative, genitive, partitive, inessive, elative, illative, adessive, ablative, allative, abessive, and essive, among others, as well as singular and plural forms. Adjectives agreement with the noun they modify in number and case, producing concordant sanamuodolliset. Pronouns also exhibit case distinctions that alter their form.

For verbs, sanamuodolliset encode person, number, tense, mood, and voice, and they include finite and non-finite forms. Verbs can appear in forms that express present, past, and perfect aspects, as well as conditional and potential moods, with distinct inflections for each person and number. Participles and verbal nouns expand the set of sanamuodolliset further, such as present active participles and past passive participles, which can be used adjectivally or syntactically as part of compound forms.

In practice, sanamuodolliset are central to Finnish morphology and are essential for grammatical analysis, language learning, and computational linguistics. Lexical entries often provide inflectional paradigms or rules to derive all relevant forms.