sampan

A sampan is a small, flat-bottomed wooden boat traditionally used on rivers and coastal waters in China and parts of Southeast Asia. The name is derived from Cantonese and is used to describe a family of boats rather than a single standardized design. Sampans come in a range of sizes, from compact, oared craft to larger vessels equipped with cabins or deckhouses.

Construction and design: Most sampans have a shallow draft, a pointed bow and stern, and a shelter or cabin amidships. They are typically built from planks fastened with nails, and may feature a simple canopy or shelter for crew and cargo. Local variations influence the boat’s shape, rigging, and fittings, leading to a variety of forms across regions.

Propulsion and use: Historically, sampans are rowed with one or more oars and often navigated by skilled boatmen. They may be fitted with lateen or other small sails, and in the 20th century many were powered by engines. Sampans serve various purposes, including fishing, transport of people and goods, and as floating homes or market boats in some communities.

Regional role: In Chinese inland and coastal regions, sampans were essential for local trade and fishing before motorized vessels became common. In Southeast Asia, they are common on rivers such as the Mekong and Chao Phraya and are seen in both commercial and cultural contexts. In modern cities, some sampans remain in service, while others are used for tourism or as houseboats; they are often subjects of urban heritage and photography.