saltleached

Saltleached is a term used in soil science to describe soils or soil horizons in which soluble salts have been removed by percolating water. The process, known as leaching, occurs when water infiltrates the soil, dissolves soluble salts such as chlorides and sulfates, and transports them downward beyond the root zone. In well-drained soils with sufficient moisture—either from rainfall or irrigation—the upper horizons can become saltleached, reducing soil salinity and improving conditions for plant growth. Salt accumulation may, however, occur at deeper horizons or at the drainage outlet if leaching is incomplete or the water table is high.

The degree of saltleaching depends on several factors, including the amount and quality of infiltrating water, evapotranspiration, soil texture and structure, drainage characteristics, and the initial salt load of the soil. Soils that are saltleached typically show lower electrical conductivity in the upper horizons, lower pH shifts in some cases, and a redistribution of soluble salts to lower depths. In hydrologically favorable situations, saltleached soils can remain productive, whereas inadequate drainage or excessive irrigation can lead to renewed salinization or sodification.

Assessment of saltleached status commonly involves soil profile observations and measurements such as EC (electrical conductivity) and soil wetting properties. Management implications focus on maintaining adequate drainage and monitoring salt movement, particularly in irrigated lands or reclaimed soils, to sustain soil health and crop yields.