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Salafism, also known as Salafiyya, is a Sunni Islamic revivalist movement that emerged in the early 20th century. The term "salaf" refers to the first generation of Muslims, and Salafism seeks to return to the practices and beliefs of the early Islamic community. The movement emphasizes the importance of following the teachings of the Quran and the Hadith, the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, as the primary sources of Islamic law and practice.

Salafism is characterized by its strict adherence to traditional Islamic practices, including the five daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca. The movement also emphasizes the importance of personal piety and moral conduct, and advocates for a return to the simplicity and austerity of early Islamic society. Salafism has been influential in various parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia, where it has played a significant role in shaping the country's political and social landscape.

However, Salafism has also been the subject of controversy and criticism. Some critics argue that the movement's strict adherence to traditional practices has led to a lack of engagement with contemporary issues and a resistance to change. Others have accused Salafists of being intolerant and fundamentalist, and of using religious justifications to promote political and social agendas. Despite these criticisms, Salafism remains an important and influential force in the Islamic world.