sakramentu

Sakrament, in Polish, refers to the concept of a sacrament in Christian theology; sakramentu is an inflected form used in contexts such as "w sakramentu chrztu." The term derives from the Latin sacramentum, meaning a sacred sign or pledge. In Polish and in other languages, the word denotes a holy rite believed to convey grace through faith and the practice of the church.

As a theological category, a sacrament is a rite instituted by Jesus Christ and celebrated by the church as a visible sign of an invisible grace. Sacraments typically involve outward signs such as water, bread and wine, oil, or the laying on of hands, which convey divine grace to the faithful and strengthen their spiritual life.

Catholic theology identifies seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance (Reconciliation), Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Each is understood to confer grace at a particular moment of a believer's life and to serve as a doorway to ongoing sanctification.

Other Christian traditions differ in the number and understanding of sacraments. Many Protestant churches acknowledge two sacraments—Baptism and the Lord's Supper (Eucharist)—as instituted by Christ and as the primary means of grace. The Orthodox Church also emphasizes seven sacraments, sometimes called Mysteries, with a theology similar to Catholicism but distinct in canonical and liturgical details.

Historically, the concept developed in early Christianity and was systematized by medieval theologians such as Thomas Aquinas and Augustine. The term sacraments continues to be used in ecumenical dialogue to describe rites that mark key moments of faith and community life.