rootplaning

Root planing is a dental procedure used in the non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease to smooth the root surfaces and remove bacterial deposits. During the procedure, calculus, plaque biofilm, and contaminated cementum are removed from the root surfaces to produce a biologically compatible surface that facilitates healing and reattachment of periodontal tissue. The goal is to reduce gingival inflammation, decrease pocket depths, and slow or halt disease progression.

Root planing is typically performed under local anesthesia and may be completed in one or more visits depending on the extent of disease. Both hand instruments and ultrasonic scalers can be used for scaling and planing; planing involves smoothing irregular root surfaces and removing cementum that may harbor bacteria.

Postoperative care emphasizes meticulous oral hygiene, antiseptic rinses if advised, and avoidance of trauma to healing tissues. Sensitivity and mild gingival tenderness are common and usually temporary.

Clinical outcomes vary with disease severity and patient compliance, but many patients exhibit reduced probing depths and improved attachment levels following root planing, particularly when combined with ongoing maintenance.

Limitations include that root planing is not a cure and additional treatment may be required for deep pockets; risks include transient sensitivity, gingival recession, and, rarely, bacteremia.

Alternatives or adjuncts may include scaling and root planing with adjunctive antibiotics, laser therapy, or surgical periodontal procedures for persistent pockets.