romiplostim

Romiplostim is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). It is a peptibody consisting of two peptide mimetics linked to an IgG1 Fc fragment that binds to the c-Mpl receptor on megakaryocytes and their progenitors. By stimulating the receptor, romiplostim promotes megakaryocyte growth and platelet production, helping to raise and maintain platelet counts in patients with ITP.

Administration and dosing: Romiplostim is given by subcutaneous injection once weekly. The starting dose is typically 1 microgram per kilogram of body weight per week, with subsequent titration based on platelet response to maintain a safe range, commonly aiming for 50 to 200 x 10^9/L. Dosing is adjusted to avoid excessive thrombocytosis and to minimize bleeding risk. Treatment decisions are guided by platelet counts and clinical status, with ongoing monitoring for potential adverse effects.

Indications and patient populations: In the United States, romiplostim is approved for adults with chronic ITP who have had an inadequate response to other therapies. It is also approved in many regions for pediatric patients, typically those aged 1 year and older, who have not responded adequately to other treatments. The goal in both adults and children is to achieve and sustain a stable platelet count to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Safety and monitoring: Common adverse events include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain; nausea can occur as well. Serious risks associated with long-term use include thrombotic events during periods of elevated platelet counts and, with extended therapy, potential marrow changes such as reticulin deposition. The overall risk of progression to myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia remains a consideration, particularly in patients with underlying hematologic conditions. Regular platelet monitoring and appropriate clinical assessment are recommended during treatment.

History and regulation: Romiplostim, marketed as Nplate by Amgen, received FDA approval in 2008 for adults with chronic ITP and has since been approved for pediatric use in various jurisdictions.