ricine
Ricine is a highly toxic protein found in the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), which is native to the eastern Mediterranean region but now grows in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. The plant is widely cultivated for its oil, castor oil, which is used in various industrial and medicinal applications, including lubricants, cosmetics, and laxatives. However, the seeds themselves remain dangerous due to their ricin content.
Ricin is classified as a type II ribosome-inactivating protein, meaning it inhibits protein synthesis by depurination
Exposure to ricin can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or injection. Ingested ricin may take 6–24 hours
The plant’s toxicity has been exploited historically in warfare and sabotage, though modern regulations have restricted