residuaalin
Residuaali is a statistical term used in Finnish to describe the difference between an observed value and the value predicted by a model. The genitive singular form residuaalin is used in sentences such as “residuaalin laskenta.” The concept is commonly referred to in English as a residual.
In a data set with response y and model predictions ŷ, the residual for observation i is r_i
Residuals are used to assess model fit and to diagnose violations of assumptions such as linearity, homoscedasticity
In addition to residuals, influence measures like Cook’s distance or DFFITS quantify how much a single observation
Finnish usage notes: residuaalin is the genitive singular form of residuaali; jäännös is a common synonym in