reprotoxicology

Reprotoxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on sexual function and fertility in males and females, and on the development of offspring. These agents, known as reprotoxicants, can interfere with the reproductive system at various stages, from conception to puberty and beyond.

The scope of reprotoxicology encompasses a wide range of potential health impacts. These include impairments to fertility, such as reduced sperm count or quality in males, and ovulatory dysfunction or hormonal imbalances in females. It also investigates effects on pregnancy outcomes, such as increased rates of miscarriage, stillbirth, or premature birth. Furthermore, reprotoxicology examines developmental toxicity, which refers to adverse effects on the developing organism from conception to puberty. This can manifest as birth defects, functional deficits, or growth abnormalities in the offspring.

Identifying and characterizing reprotoxicants is crucial for public health. This is achieved through various methods, including in vitro assays, animal studies, and epidemiological investigations in human populations. Regulatory bodies use this information to set exposure limits and establish guidelines for the safe use of chemicals in consumer products, workplaces, and the environment. Understanding reprotoxicological risks helps inform policy decisions aimed at protecting reproductive health and preventing developmental problems in future generations.