renormalisointia

Renormalisointia is a technique used in quantum field theory to handle infinities that arise in calculations. These infinities appear when calculating physical quantities, such as the mass or charge of a particle, due to the inclusion of virtual particles. Virtual particles are short-lived particles that can spontaneously appear and disappear, and they contribute to the interactions of real particles.

The core idea of renormalization is to absorb these infinities into a redefinition of the physical parameters of the theory. Instead of using the "bare" values of parameters like mass and charge, which are theoretical constructs, one uses their "renormalized" or experimentally measured values. This process effectively cancels out the infinities, leading to finite and predictive results for observable quantities.

Renormalization is not simply a mathematical trick to get rid of unwanted numbers; it reflects a fundamental aspect of quantum field theories. At very high energies or short distances, the behavior of particles can differ from what is observed at lower energies. Renormalization accounts for these changes in behavior. A theory is considered renormalizable if its infinities can be consistently removed by reintroducing a finite number of parameters. This property is crucial for the predictive power of a quantum field theory. The Standard Model of particle physics, for example, is a highly successful renormalizable theory.