relvajõudude

Relvajõudude is the Estonian term for the country’s armed forces, the state’s military organization responsible for defending Estonia’s sovereignty and constitutional order and for contributing to international security. It operates under the Ministry of Defence and, together with the Estonian Defence League as part of the Total Defence concept, forms the core of Estonia’s deterrence and resilience.

The forces are organized into three main branches: Maavägi (Land Forces), Merevägi (Naval Forces), and Õhuvägi (Air Forces). The Defence Forces Headquarters in Tallinn coordinates operations, training, and planning. Manpower consists of professional service members and a large reserve component, with conscription playing a role in manpower policy to ensure readiness and interoperability with allied forces.

Historically, the modern Estonian armed forces trace their roots to the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). They were dissolved during Soviet occupation and reestablished after Estonia regained independence in 1991. Estonia joined NATO in 2004 and has since participated in international missions and exercises, contributing to regional security in the Baltic region and beyond. The force maintains a strong emphasis on interoperability with allied troops and aims to modernize equipment and capabilities in line with NATO standards.

Core missions include defending Estonia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, deterring aggression, and assisting civil authorities in emergencies. In addition to national defense, Relvajõudude participate in international operations, contribute to NATO’s Baltic security posture, and engage in joint training and exercises with partner militaries to maintain readiness and rapid response capabilities.

---