rektaler

Rektaler is a term used in medical contexts to describe something relating to the rectum, the final section of the large intestine. In German-language medical usage, adjectives such as rektal or rektaler describe anatomical structures, procedures, and conditions associated with the rectum. The English equivalent is rectal.

Anatomy and function: The rectum starts where the sigmoid colon ends and extends to the anal canal, typically about 12 to 15 centimeters long. It serves as a temporary reservoir for solid waste and plays a role in defecation and continence. The rectal wall contains mucosa, muscular layers, and a nerve network that coordinates contractions of the internal and external anal sphincters, aiding controlled release of stool.

Clinical use and procedures: Rectal examination, or digital rectal examination, is a common clinical procedure to assess masses, tenderness, and sphincter function. Rectal therapies include enemas and rectal suppositories or foams for local treatment. Endoscopic procedures such as proctoscopy or sigmoidoscopy inspect the rectum and can facilitate diagnosis and biopsy.

Common conditions: The rectum can be affected by hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, rectal prolapse, and rectal cancer. Symptoms may include rectal bleeding, pain, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, or changes in bowel habits. Risk factors vary by condition and include age, lifestyle, inflammatory diseases, and genetics.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis often combines physical examination, imaging (such as MRI or CT), endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment ranges from conservative measures (dietary changes, fiber, stool softeners, topical therapies) to surgical interventions (hemorrhoidectomy, proctectomy) and oncologic therapies for cancer, depending on the specific condition and its severity.