reindeerherding
Reindeer herding is a traditional form of pastoralism in Arctic and subarctic regions, in which communities manage herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) for meat, milk, hides, transport, and cultural practice. It is closely tied to Indigenous livelihoods in parts of northern Europe, Russia, North America, and Greenland, with the Sámi of the Nordic Arctic among the most well-known practitioners.
Geographic and social organization varies by region. In Sápmi (the Sámi homeland spanning northern Norway, Sweden,
Practices and seasonal cycles generally follow forage availability. Reindeer graze on lichen-rich pastures in winter and
Economic and cultural significance remains central: meat and by-products support diets and trade, while hides, antlers,