reifung

Reifung, from the verb reifen, means maturation or ripening. In science it denotes the process by which something reaches functional maturity, and it is used in biology, psychology, agriculture, and related fields.

In biology and medicine, Reifung refers to ontogenetic development that leads to functional maturity. This includes cellular maturation processes (such as oocyte and sperm maturation), organ system development, and neural maturation, including myelination and synaptic pruning. Puberty is often described as a stage of somatic and reproductive maturation. Maturation is shaped by genetic programs and environmental factors, and may involve critical periods and epigenetic regulation.

In psychology, Reifung sometimes appears in maturation theories (Reifungstheorien), which posit that many developmental changes follow an intrinsic timetable rather than solely external experience. Historically associated with Gesell, such theories emphasize the sequential emergence of abilities and milestones, while modern views recognize stronger gene–environment interactions.

In agriculture and food science, Reifung is used to describe the ripening of fruits and vegetables. Climacteric fruits (for example bananas and tomatoes) ripen after harvest and release ethylene, causing characteristic changes in color, aroma, texture, and sugar content; non-climacteric fruits ripen primarily on the plant. Postharvest handling aims to manage ripening to extend shelf life and quality.