rebuff

Rebuff can function as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, it denotes a sharp or blunt rejection or refusal, often delivered in a curt or abrupt manner. As a verb, to rebuff means to reject or repulse someone or something decisively, to refuse with cold or blunt disregard, or to push back an advance or request. In practice, a rebuff implies more than a mere refusal; it conveys a sense of sharpness or brusque dismissal that halts further discussion.

Usage and nuance: It is commonly used in social, professional, and diplomatic contexts. A colleague might rebuff a suggestion with a brief, unsentimental reply; a diplomat might issue a formal rebuff to an ultimatum. The tone ranges from courteous but firm to harsh and dismissive. The noun form often appears with adjectives such as a curt rebuff, a stinging rebuff, or a public rebuff. The verb can be transitive (to rebuff someone’s advance) or intransitive (the proposal was rebuffed).

Etymology and related terms: The word originates from French and has been part of English since the early modern period, underscoring its sharp, almost physical connotation of turning away or repelling. Related terms include rebuke, reject, snub, and refuse; though similar, they differ in degree and connotation. See also: snub, rebuke.